It seems appropriate to start our journey with the man who popularized the concept of archetypes. Perhaps more than anyone else, psychiatrist Carl Jung provided us with a map of the human psyche. Through his analytical psychology, Jung classified many of the driving forces that dominate human behavior. Here are the primary Jungian archetypes, all of which Jung addresses in Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious :.
Jung referenced many other archetypes in his work, but the above archetypes list highlights the primary ones. Perhaps my favorite and the most practical model for understanding archetypes comes from neo-Jungian Robert Moore. In King Warrior Magician Lover , Moore and Gillette highlight the four primary archetypes in the masculine psyche as well as the eight bipolar shadow archetypes that go with them.
While the book is geared toward building brands, these 12 archetypes apply to individuals as well. Every personality system represents a collection of archetypes.
One of my favorite personality models is the Enneagram. Within the Enneagram community, there are two versions of the model. While they are both similar, they use different names to characterize the archetypes. One model developed by Don Riso and Russ Hudson outlines the nine personality types or archetypes of the Enneagram as follows:.
The other model used by the Enneagram Worldwide and highlighted by Helen Palmer in The Enneagram describes the personality archetypes as:. If we add each level as its own archetype, the Enneagram actually contains a list of 81 archetypes. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Archetypes are universal, inborn models of people, behaviors, or personalities that play a role in influencing human behavior. They were introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, who suggested that these archetypes were archaic forms of innate human knowledge passed down from our ancestors.
In Jungian psychology, the archetypes represent universal patterns and images that are part of the collective unconscious. Jung believed that we inherit these archetypes much in the way we inherit instinctive patterns of behavior. Jung was originally a supporter of his mentor Sigmund Freud. The relationship eventually fractured over Jung's criticism of Freud's emphasis on sexuality during development, which led Jung to develop his own psychoanalytic approach known as analytical psychology.
While Jung agreed with Freud that the unconscious played an important role in personality and behavior, he expanded on Freud's idea of the personal unconscious to include what Jung called the collective unconscious. Jung believed that the human psyche was composed of three components:. According to Jung, the ego represents the conscious mind while the personal unconscious contains memories including those that have been suppressed.
The collective unconscious is a unique component in that Jung believed that this part of the psyche served as a form of psychological inheritance. It contained all of the knowledge and experiences that humans share as a species. Where do these archetypes come from then?
The collective unconscious, Jung believed, was where these archetypes exist. He suggested that these models are innate, universal, and hereditary.
Archetypes are unlearned and function to organize how we experience certain things. In their present form, they are variants of archetypal ideas created by consciously applying and adapting these ideas to reality. For it is the function of consciousness, not only to recognize and assimilate the external world through the gateway of the senses but to translate into visible reality the world within us," he suggested.
Jung rejected the concept of tabula rasa or the notion that the human mind is a blank slate at birth to be written on solely by experience. He believed that the human mind retains fundamental, unconscious, biological aspects of our ancestors.
These "primordial images," as he initially dubbed them, serve as a basic foundation of how to be human. These archaic and mythic characters that make up the archetypes reside with all people from all over the world, Jung believed.
It is these archetypes that symbolize basic human motivations , values, and personalities. Jung believed that each archetype played a role in personality , but felt that most people were dominated by one specific archetype.
According to Jung, the actual way in which an archetype is expressed or realized depends upon a number of factors including an individual's cultural influences and uniquely personal experiences. Jung identified four major archetypes but also believed that there was no limit to the number that may exist.
The existence of these archetypes can not be observed directly but can be inferred by looking at religion, dreams, art, and literature. The four main archetypes described by Jung as well as a few others that are often identified include the following. The persona is how we present ourselves to the world. The word "persona" is derived from a Latin word that literally means "mask. The persona represents all of the different social masks that we wear among various groups and situations.
It acts to shield the ego from negative images. According to Jung, the persona may appear in dreams and take different forms. Over the course of development, children learn that they must behave in certain ways in order to fit in with society's expectations and norms.
The persona develops as a social mask to contain all of the primitive urges, impulses, and emotions that are not considered socially acceptable. The persona archetype allows people to adapt to the world around them and fit in with the society in which they live. However, becoming too closely identified with this archetype can lead people to lose sight of their true selves.
The shadow is an archetype that consists of the sex and life instincts. The shadow exists as part of the unconscious mind and is composed of repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires, instincts, and shortcomings. The shadow forms out of our attempts to adapt to cultural norms and expectations. It is this archetype that contains all of the things that are unacceptable not only to society, but also to one's own personal morals and values.
What is your dominant archetype? How to ask Great Questions and Listen Actively. What do excellent CEOs do? Let the world know you were here? Like this: Like Loading Related Articles. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.
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