Also, due to its design, it helps to brace the cone impacting break up modes, and if misdesigned with incorrect specifications, it will tear, causing your speaker to blow. Also known as a damper or suspension, it is one of the most stressed parts of a speaker. It functions to provide suspension to the speaker cone, keeps the voice coil appropriately aligned, and ensures that the speaker resolves to its normal position between vibrations. It is only made from treated paper and coated with adhesive glue, and due to this, it is also vulnerable to wear and tear.
If this part of your speaker tears, it will cause the cone to move and vibrate incorrectly again, causing audible distortion, sound blackouts, pops, and cracks. Made from copper wire at least high-quality voice coils , it is an electromagnet suspended in a magnetic field. The voice coil provides fore to the cone reacting to the magnetic field when an electric current the audio signal passes through it. The set winding wrapped around the voice coil comes in two forms: flat ribbon wire or round wire.
These windings are set around aluminum, Kapton, Nomex, or other forms of material. Building a voice coil is quite delicate. Even though some voice coils can have the same specifications, they can achieve different efficiency and performance levels due to wire tension, enamels, and adhesives used. Although your speaker may not be necessarily blown if your voice coil is damaged, it most certainly is broken to a degree. More often than not, individuals will choose a chassis based on its appearance; however, it offers more functionality than one seems.
This little component also needs to have the exact inside and outside diameters, allowing for optimum magnetic efficiency, stability, and power handling. The magnet is made from metals named ferromagnetic metals, which include metals such as nickel and iron. If designed correctly, these magnets hold an indefinite charge and serve as a positive or negative inverter for the voice coil. These two components coupled together force the cone into motion creating the sound that we hear.
Contrary to popular belief, the weight and size of the magnet have little meaning. This is the very back part of your speaker. Added to that, it also has very significant effects on distortion and temperature of the voice coil. In turn, stabilizing and creating a better performance for the speaker overall. If the yoke is damaged in any way, it could cause a chain reaction of problems causing other parts of the speaker to malfunction, and in turn, because other components are damaged, it could cause your speaker to blow, lose definition and clarity, create sound blackouts and more.
Most people will use the term blown for all aspects of poor sound quality relating to a speaker; however, this is not true. As we now know, many components in a speaker may be faulty, worn down, or damaged, causing the speaker to become defective, but this does not necessarily mean that your speaker is blown.
The sound associated with a blown speaker is usually that of buzzing bees. Distortion, crackling, hissing, and poping will also be common sounds that you will hear when listening closely to tell if your speaker is blown. One thing to note is that these sounds may not be apparent all the time, and you might need to listen closely because the distortion may be embedded amongst all the other audio.
Furthermore, depending on how your speaker is blown, only certain frequencies may be affected, and distortion will occur only within a specific power range this does not necessarily mean volume.
So this is something you need to look out for. There are many different ways in which a speaker can become blown, and we have listed the most common causes here for you. As we now know, some speaker components are made from delicate materials or are designed very specifically, causing them to be fragile. Years of use and being exposed to the elements such as heat, cold, and moisture can cause the components of a speaker to wear away gradually.
In turn, this can cause some features to malfunction and then drive the speaker to blow. Refer to the first section to see what parts can become faulty. Unlike components that are worn away over time, you may purchase a brand new speaker that was not designed correctly or has a faulty part this does happen on occasion. Defective components and lack of proper design can cause your speaker to blow almost instantly as you turn it on, or it may occur at certain volumes or when specific frequencies are pushed higher.
Since most failures are either mechanical or thermal in nature, the best way to avoid blowing out your speakers is to refrain from operating your car sound system at excessive volumes. Here are the main signs that car speakers have blown out:. Distorted sound, hissing, and fuzziness. If you suspect blown speakers, set your volume at a low- to mid-level, and listen for distortion. If you hear any hissing or fuzziness, and turning up the volume causes the distortion to get worse, use the fade and balance to isolate the problem speaker.
In most cases, you'll find that one or more of your speakers has loose or damaged voice coils. Telltale popping or rattling instead of music. If you don't hear your music at all, and instead hear unpleasant sounds like popping or rattling, that's a major red flag. Your speakers are almost certainly blown. Lack of bass, treble, or mid-tones.
A sudden and drastic reduction in bass response is usually a good hint that your speakers have partially blown out. Try using the equalizer controls on your car radio, and if you notice a complete lack of bass, treble, or mid-tones, you probably need new speakers. Lack of vibration from the speakers. This is sometimes a sign of completely blown speakers, but it can also be caused by a wiring problem. Feel the front of your speaker grills when the system is in operation.
If you don't feel any vibration at all, you'll need to check and see if your speaker wire connections are broken. Checking speakers for impedance. If you have a multimeter, and you're able to remove your speaker grills, you can check the impedance of each speaker. Speakers that are in good working order typically had an impedance of 4 or 8 ohms. If you find that your speakers have extremely high, or even infinite, impedance, they're blown.
What happens is that the cone moves further than it is supposed to, which stresses the material. This can cause parts of a speaker to collide with each other or the speaker frame, which can cause components to tear, break, or come loose, which can cause permanent damage.
Thermal car speaker failures happen when a speaker receives more power than it can deal with. The excess power causes a buildup of heat, which can soften the glue that holds some components together. This essentially blows the speaker, since it will no longer produce sound like it used to. The other danger with feeding too much power to a car speaker is that the excess power can literally burn or melt the delicate wires inside a component called a voice coil.
In both mechanical and thermal failures, the most common causes are accidental or carelessly operating a system outside safety margins. For instance, turning up the volume of a car stereo system so high that you start to hear a gritty tone means that the voice coils in your woofers may have separated from the spiders that hold them in place, and leaving the volume like that may do permanent damage.
Although simply turning up the volume too high , and leaving it there for prolonged periods of time, is the most common cause of blown speakers, there are also a lot of more technical causes.
If a sound system is improperly designed, that can also make it more likely that the speakers will end up blown at some point. Amplifier clipping, physical damage to a speaker, and a number of other causes can also cause a blowout. Clipping is an issue that is sometimes seen in car audio systems that include a dedicated amplifier.
One of the easiest diagnoses is to simply listen to the sound output coming from your speakers. You should easily be in a position to distinguish if a speaker has got an issue from the sound it produces. Turn up the volume on your radio or audio system and listen for possible distortions in the sound quality, including a hissing sound. For a blown speaker, the distortion tends to increase as you continue turning up the volume. It will be quite obvious that something should be done to remedy the state of your speakers.
Fuzzy speakers are more often than not the consequence of loose or damaged voice coils. Another way to check your speaker system is to test its range. For this, you want to select one of your CDs or MP3 players with a full range of sounds, more so a strong bass.
The next thing to do is play the CD at different sound frequencies and listen to the output from your speakers.
If your speakers are whole, you should be able to properly hear the sound output from the highest to the lowest frequency. On the contrary, a blown speaker may not be able to produce any sound at high frequencies or a bass.
Vibration is a common thing that you can experience by placing your hand on the surface of a fully functional speaker. This is quite true for woofers and subwoofers. As a result, turning up the volume of your radio results in stronger vibrations on your speaker. One thing which indicates that your speakers might have blown out is that there are no vibrations, especially at higher volumes.
The downside to this test is that it is only effective on larger speakers. If you have a relatively smaller speaker setup, testing for vibrations with your palm may not work accurately. So, in such a case, you might want to experiment with the other methods mentioned earlier on.
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